是故經言 劫盜之罪
能令眾生 墮於地獄餓鬼受苦
According to the Sutra, the transgressions of theft and robbery will land sentient beings in Hell and Hungry Ghosts Realms to suffer.
我們在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。身處法海安自在》已經說到偷盜、劫盜等等的罪業，這都是因為起於貪心。所以如是貪到心重者，這都是習氣，都是因為貪。這種貪心不一定是因為他貧困，也不一定是因為他的生活過不去，而是因為習氣的染著，所以貪盜心重。
Earlier we talked about theft, robbery and other transgressions. They all arise from greed. Those with a strong desire to steal do so out of habit. They are greedy. This greed does not come from being poor, or being unable to make a living. These people have been defiled by bad habits and thus have a strong desire to steal.
要怎麼辦呢？當然就有法可以對治。對於這種的人，要用「知足」這樣的觀念去轉化他那分慳貪不肯捨的習氣。不只是去掉偷盜的心念，還要教他如何去佈施。如果教導他佈施，但是他也捨不出來，就要教導他如何知足，見苦知福，見貧知足——「和別人比看看，我們應該要知足了！」
What can we do? We must use the Dharma to counter this. When dealing with these kinds of people, we need to use the idea of contentment to help them eliminate their greed and stinginess. Besides eliminating their desire to steal, we must teach them to give. If they are unwilling to give, we teach them how to be content. Recognize blessings by witnessing suffering; know contentment by witnessing poverty. After comparing ourselves to others, we become content.
所以我們應該要好好面對芸芸眾生，看待這些眾生若有任何一項的惡，平時我們都說「十惡」，這是大概的歸類可以歸為十惡。其實惡的形態是無量無數，不過我們還是以十惡要如何度他變成十善。
So, we have to treat all people well, whether or not they are doing any evil. Usually we talk about the Ten Evils. Evil appears in countless forms, but it can be summed up in ten categories. We need to figure out how to turn the Ten Evils into the Ten Good Deeds.
除非惡念轉善，才能有辦法將苦難、困境中救拔出來，否則人生真的是很苦。那怕財物都已經很充足了，他還是苦不堪言！常常都說：「我病了。」或是常常都說：「我欠缺了！」常常看病的人很多，伸出我們的手腳，都還很自由，這樣我們就是健康人。健康人就有有餘的力量去輔佐不能動的人。所以我們應該要能夠滿足，我們還可以去行善。所以這就是我們要教育。
We need to turn others' evil thoughts into good ones to relieve their suffering. Otherwise, life will be truly painful. Even if we are abundantly rich, we can still suffer unspeakably. Some often say, "I am sick." Or "I don't have enough." There are many people who are sick. Since we can stretch our hands and feet, and move freely, we are still healthy. Healthy people have extra strength to help those who are not. We should be content and do good deeds. This is what we should teach.
人的一生當中，可以用言教，也可以用身教。用言教，因緣具足會合，我們就來勸誘他、教導他，我們要很用心。
In our lifetime we can teach through our speech and actions. When the conditions are suitable, we can counsel and guide others. We must be very mindful.
「人人自作教人作，自知教人知」，不只是現在因緣把握，具足的要彙集，還要為了未來留下典範、歷史，這都是將來能教人的。
We must do good and teach others to do the same. We must share what we know. Not only do we need to seize the moment and bring good causes and conditions together, we must set an example and leave a legacy that can be used to teach others in the future.
則受牛馬驢騾駱駝等形
以其所有身力血肉
償他宿債
If wrongdoers are born as animals, they are limited to the forms of cows, horses, donkeys, mules, camels, etc. With strength, blood and meat, they repay the debt they owe.
所以經文裡面又是這麼說－－「若在畜生，則受牛馬驢騾駱駝等形，以其所有身力血肉，償他宿債。」
So the text goes on to say, "If wrongdoers are born as animals, they are limited to the forms of cows, horses, donkeys, mules, camels, etc. With strength, blood and meat, they repay the debt they owe."
我們常常聽人在說：「吃人四兩，還人半斤。」這是古人所說的。古人在教導為人的道理，和我們現在在講經的道理都很吻合。所以說，若是在畜生，畜生有很多種，這幾天常常都在和大家說，生靈萬物，不同的形，都有他的生命在，在都是在畜生界當中的。
People say, "If we eat four ounces we will repay eight." In the past, people used to say this. These old sayings really correspond to the truths we learn in the Sutras. In the Animal Realm, there are many types of animals. The past few days, I have said that sentient creatures have different forms. They are all alive in their own ways. This is describing the Animal Realm.
所以無論將來我們是否生在牛、馬、驢、騾或是駱駝等等…這些都是要受苦、拖磨的獸類。
For example, if we are born as cows, horses, donkeys, mules, or camels in the future, we will suffer and toil.
先說「牛」，從前都是用牛在犁田，農人在耕田、割草都很辛苦；牛則是要犁田。人可以休息，換人，但是牛還是一樣，一頭牛要整塊田都要犁田。人可以說：「你累了，你先去休息，換我來。」但是牛就沒有了，牠沒有辦法喊累，無論是怎麼太陽曬，或是如何犁田，腳踩下去想要拔出來都很辛苦，何況還要揹著犁，還要犁得直，或是土要翻等等…做農辛苦，做牛更辛苦。
Cows plow the fields. Farmers work hard, plow fields, and harvest rice. It is even harder for cows. People can rest when they are plowing, but cows must keep going until they are done. People can say, "You look tired. Why don't you rest and let me take over." Cows cannot. They cannot say they are tired. No matter how hot it gets, and how hard it is to plow, to even take one step after another, they still pull the plow in a straight line. Being a farmer is hard, but being a cow is harder.
人若是割稻收穫時，人是一包一包扛，牛是一車一車拖。想想看，牛、馬或是驢子，或是駱駝等等，你看在沙漠上載貨，都是用驢子、駱駝等等，在載、在拖。駱駝很有耐力，牠能整天不吃，牠只要喝一遍水，吃的很少，牠的體力就要付出很多。沙漠炎陽，太陽再大還是一樣，牠還是要拖，牠還是要磨。
During harvest, people carry bales of rice; cows have to pull whole cartfuls. Think about cows and horses, or donkeys and camels, etc. When we transport goods over the desert, we use animals like donkeys and camels to pull carts and carry goods. Camels have great endurance. They can go without good for a day, while only drinking water once. They eat little, but expend a lot of energy. The desert is hot. But no matter how fiercely the sun is shining, but they still toil and pull their loads.
我們做人，如果一不小心，可能會墮入這種身形。這種的畜類受報，我們看得到，好像牠現在現這種身的苦相，讓我們能瞭解。因為佛陀對我們所說的道理是「因緣果報」，各種畜生類所顯現，是果報的見證。所以我們知道道理，我們看到果報的見證，我們更該自我警惕。
If we are not careful, we can be born as these animals. We can witness this type of retribution in the Animal Realm. It is as if the pain they endure in these forms helps us understand. Karmic retribution is the truth the Buddha taught. Each kind of animal is living proof of karmic retribution. So if we know the truth and see the proof of retributions, we should be more vigilant.
我們若是墮入這種惡道，這也叫做惡道，這畜生道也是三途中之一；但是它在三途當中，在惡道當中還算是比較輕微的。因為生在人間，雖然為人拖、為人磨，對人間還有貢獻。但是無論做牛、做馬，為人拖、為人磨，這也是相欠債。
Otherwise, we will descend into an Evil Realm. The Animal Realm is one of Three Evil Realms. Among the Three Evil Realms, this is one of the less severe, because animals are born into this world. Though they work and toil for humans, they still make contributions. Whether they are cows or horses, when they work for humans, they are repaying debts.
過去曾聽過這樣的故事——
In the past, I heard this story.
有一個人他沒有田、沒有園、沒有地，但是他有牛、有車，專門讓人顧去載貨，所以他就要把牛養好。有一天在餵牛的時候，一邊餵就一邊在唸：「要把你養得肥肥壯壯，就是為了讓你有力氣；你如果有力，我們就可以載比較大台車的貨，我們就比較有生意可以做。」所以為了要餵牠，所以要割草等等…也是很辛苦。像這樣一邊餵、一邊唸，這頭牛就認真吃草。
There was a man without a field, orchard or land. But he had a cow and a cart. Since they were hired to carry goods, he took good care of the cow. One day as he fed it, he said to it, "I want you to be bigger and stronger. If you are stronger, we can pull a bigger cart. Then we can get more business. So to nurture you, I cut grass. That is also hard." He said this as he fed the cow. The cow ate the grass diligently.
養牛的人把那些草和糧食，全部都準備好在牛槽裡了，就讓牠去吃。他自己也很累，所以就坐下來了，坐在牛槽旁邊在那裡打瞌睡。好像聽到有人在說話，聽清楚一點，好像是那隻牛的聲音。那隻牛的聲音好像這麼說：「不要埋怨了，這都是互相欠債，再兩台半的車還你，這分債就了結了。」
The man prepared the grass and feed in the cow's trough and let it eat. He was also tired so he sat by the trough and took a nap. He seemed to hear someone speaking. When he listened closely, it sounded like the cow. The cow seemed to be saying, "Do not complain. We owe each other. After two and a half cartfuls, this debt will be repaid."
他突然清醒過來，回頭看。看到這頭牛的草已經吃完了，在反芻。牛在反芻的時候有聲音，他就說：「沒錯啊！就是這個聲音在和我說話！」但是他想了想：「應該也沒有可能，這頭牛還很壯，我這一台車也還很好，怎麼會是兩台半？不只啊！我今天還要去載六趟來回，什麼是兩台半？這是我自己睡著了在作夢。」
He suddenly woke up and saw the cow was done eating and was chewing its cud. As its mouth moved, there was a sound. Yes, this was the voice, the voice that spoke to him. But he thought, "This is not possible. This cow is very strong and my cart is good. Why two and a half cartfuls? I need to make six trips today. What was meant by two and a half cartfuls? It was just a dream."
不過在當天，當牛餵好了，牛車也準備好了，牛拖著車，就向前走。人家割完稻子之後，很豐收，所以需要很多台的車子去載，他們是其中一輛。
After he finished feeding the cow and readied the cart, the cow pulled the cart forward. When people finished cutting the rice stalks, they needed many carts for the abundant harvest. This man and cow provided their cart.
一趟載回去，第二趟也載回去了，都很安全。當然其他的牛車也是這樣載，一趟又再過一趟。到了第三趟的時候，突然之間天色變黑了，很黑，打雷閃電，大雨像整桶水在倒一般。別人的車都已經疊好了，趕快走了，他的車只疊了半台。
The first and second trips were safe. The other carts also did the same trip, over and over. On their third trip, they sky suddenly darkened. There was thunder, lightning, and heavy rain. Others' carts were loaded and they left quickly. His cart was only half loaded.
雨愈下愈大，已經沒有辦法再繼續疊上去了，其它的穀子在田裡，還沒有收上來，他就邊收邊疊。到只剩下半台的時候，主人說：「沒用了，那些都沒用了。你們這樣就好了，我們趕快走了。若不走，人會被水淹，車也拖不過去。」所以真的是只拖了半台車回去。
The rain came down hard and they could not load any more. The rest of the rice was still in the field, and not harvested yet. He harvested and stacked it, but he had only filled half the cart when the boss said, "It's useless. The rest is useless. This is enough. We must leave now or this place will be flooded and the cart will not be able to move." So, the man and cow pulled only a half cartful to their destination and unloaded it.
回到主人那裡，把稻穀下車了；之後回到家裡，已經天黑了，把牛牽回去牛舍。不知何故，就是打雷閃電，在這之間，突然有一道閃電，朝著牛舍打了下去，這頭牛就死了。
Then they went home. There was still thunder and lightning. During the storm, lightning struck the cow shed and killed the cow.
這位養牛的人來一看，不只是牛舍倒了，其實牛也躺在地上死了。原來早上所聽道的聲音，是這隻牛已經在向他告別，是在告訴他：「我欠你的債已經剩下兩台半。」是啊！就算再多半台也不給他了，只是兩台半，「我欠你兩台半還完就對了。」
When the man came, not only had the shed fallen, the cow was dead on the ground. So the voice he heard in the morning was the cow saying good-bye. It had told him," I only owe you two and a half more cartfuls." It did not even give him an extra half cartful. "I only owe you two and a half cartfuls."
是啊！別人的車都離開了，偏偏他的車就在哪裡，拖延到只剩下半台車，水就一直漲起來，就離開了。想想看，相欠債，欠多少還完了，就是這樣過去了。所以我們人，寧可做來囤積著，也不要想要做來抵。
After the others left, his was the only one left. Only a half cartful was left, but the water kept rising so they had to leave. Think about it, they owed each other. After they repaid each other, it was over. For us, we would rather pay back extra, instead of just breaking even.
然而凡夫就是這樣，像那隻牛一般，就是做來抵——「我過去欠你多少，我就做來抵給你。」就這樣抵銷了。抵完了，就好了。所以無論是做牛、做馬、做駱駝等等…都是在為牠的主人在抵償，就是要還。
Ordinary beings are like that; the cow came to repay its debts exactly. "Whatever I owed you from the past, I've now repaid it." Once they were even, it was over. So, people become cows, horses and camels to compensate and repay their owners.
所以人生我們要很注意，平時都不要想佔別人便宜，也不要想要欠人。就像我們在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。身處法海安自在》所說過的偷、盜、劫等等…物各有主，不與而取，這樣你也會欠人，所以將來還是要還。人家不肯給你，你偏偏要拿取，以後你也是要還給人。所以這就是因緣果報，就是因果。
Thus, in life we must be careful. Do not take advantage of others so you will not owe them. Like we said earlier about stealing and robbing, things have owners. Do not take without permission, or you will be indebted to someone. In the future, they will still not give to you. Once you take it, you are in debt. You will have to repay them later. This is the karmic law of cause and effect.
有的人是做人來要債，有的人是做牛、做馬要還人家，這都是因果，半點都跑不掉。除了這樣拖，拖來還他，這樣是不是就完結了？還要「以其所有身力血肉」。
Some take human form to collect debts. Some become cows and horses to repay debts. This is cause and effect; it is unavoidable. After pulling carts to repay debts, is that the end? "With strength, blood, and meat"
只是付出身與力夠嗎？不夠！牛若是被磨到差不多沒力了，也差不多就要被人賣掉了。賣了做什麼呢？吃牠的肉、啃牠的骨。吃牛排，啃牛骨，這也是很多。牛是這樣，其他被畜養的動物難道不是這樣嗎？
Is the strength of our body enough to repay them? No. cows are worked until they are weak and then sold. Why are they sold? For others to eat their meat and gnaw on their bones. This happens often to cows. Doesn't this happen to other livestock too?
很久以前，很多年前，那時還有《菩提樹》這份雜誌，在這份雜誌當中有一張圖，那是美國人畫的。故事裡面就說——
Many years ago, there was a magazine called Bodhi Tree. There was an illustration in the magazine drawn by an American artist. It told a story about a family that went to a restaurant for lunch.
有一個家庭到餐廳，在中餐的時候，在哪裡那些人吃的都是牛排，就都是吃葷的。他們也不會用筷子，所以都用刀子、用叉子。
Everyone there ate steaks and other meat. They did not know how to use chopsticks. They used forks and knives.
在哪裡吃的時候，在店裡面的牆上好像就是浮出了牛的影子，好像有牛的聲音在說：「你所割的這塊肉，是我腿上的肉。」雞好像棲息在窗上，就說：「現在所叉的，是我的翅膀。」就這樣，很像有很多隻的動物，聚集在那裡說：「過去我們就是造了這種業，錯在我們自己，又把這個錯誤又傳給別人。」又有另外一隻羊說：「以後他若做羊，我也會來吃他的羊肉。」這聽起來又更嚇人了。聽到這裡，這一桌的人好像每一個人都停了下來。
As they ate, suddenly the image of a cow appeared on the wall. Then it spoke, saying, "You are cutting the meat of my legs." Then a chicken seemed to perch on the window. It said, "you are sticking the fork in my wing." Just like this, it seemed many animals gathered there to say, "In the past we created this karma. We made mistakes and now that karma is being passed on to others." A lamb said, "If you become a lamb in the future, I will eat your meat." What was even more shocking was that everyone at the table all stopped eating at the same time.
這些雜聲，吵雜的音聲很複雜，有雞的聲音，有牛的聲音，有羊的聲音。好像看到牆壁上有這樣的影子，這個家庭，有父親、母親、子女都停在那裡。那張圖就是畫這樣的圖，說這樣的話。這真的是很震撼。
They all heard these loud noises. There were sounds of chickens, cows and lambs. The people seemed to see these images on the wall. This family, both the parents and children, paused. These were the images and words in that illustration. It was truly shocking.
說起來，身體的力量，之後氣力盡了，這個身的肉就是別人在吃。今生是如此，來生是不是同樣也是這樣呢？所以，還他的宿債，互相償還互相欠債。
After animals' strength is exhausted, others will eat their flesh. Will their next lives be the same? They repaid debts from previous lives; they repaid what they owed.
各位，互相欠債，人與人之間都有相欠債。我欠你的情，所以情和愛割不斷，其中若有一個怎麼樣了，另外那個人同樣一樣還是那分情解不開，還是為他一輩子拖磨這個心。
Everyone, we owe each other. People owe each other, and these ties, these relationships, cannot be severed. If something happens to one person, the other cannot dissolve those bonds; he will suffer with those feelings the rest of his life.
總而言之，人生都是有因有緣，因緣是報恩的呢？或是討債的呢？所以我們要多用心。在人與人之間，我們要用心去結好緣；在人與事物當中，我們要多用心去付出。
In summary, life is filled with causes and conditions. Are we repaying debts or collecting them? So we must be mindful and create good affinities in our daily living. We have to give mindfully in all situations.
若能如此，「能度彼心為佈施，為度彼心先知足。」生十惡者，我們引導於十善，若能如此，這就是功德無量。
To help others transform we teach them to give and to know contentment. We guide those who commit the Ten Evils to perform the Ten Good Deeds. Then we will have infinite merits.
好！大家人人時時都要多用心！
Everyone, please always be mindful.
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