我們《靜思晨語。法譬如水。以智慧超越生死》說過了，娑婆世界本來就叫做「堪忍」。為什麼要忍？那就是因為苦，所以要堪得忍耐才能在世間生活得安然無事。假使不能夠堪得忍耐，就容易半途而廢、自毀前途。所以我們學佛就是要顧好我們的心。
As I said earlier, the Saha World is one of endurance & suffering. Why do we need to endure? Because there is suffering. So we must endure and be patient in order to live peacefully in this world. If we cannot endure it, we may easily destroy ourselves. We learn Buddhism to take good care of our hearts. 我們的心太若是對人事物常常都不滿，這樣心裡容易生病，心的疾病就會產生出來。若是讓心理性的疾病產生出來，有的憂鬱症、躁鬱症，一切往往由不得自己，傷人毀己。這都是心理先有了疾病，這個行動就會表達出來，不論是傷人、傷己，都是不孝、造惡的行為。
If our mindset is one of constant dissatisfaction with people & things, mental problems will easily arise. We may develop a psychological disorder. If we develop depression or bipolar disorder, we may often uncontrollably hurt others and destroy ourselves. Such illnesses start in the mind and manifest in or actions. When we harm ourselves or others, we are being unfilial and committing evil.
所以我們人生的苦，就是因為行動之後所得到的苦難。
Our suffering in life is the result of our actions.
三苦: 苦苦、壞苦、行苦
因為這個苦，有苦苦、壞苦、行苦。其中「苦苦」、「壞苦」我們在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。追求的欲念有一缺九》與《靜思晨語。法譬如水。以智慧超越生死》說過了，再來就是有「行苦」。
We have talked about the Suffering of Suffering and the Suffering of Decay. Last is Suffering of Action.
「行」，我們說五蘊皆空，其中就有一個「行蘊」。五蘊有「色、受、想、行、識」，其中有一個「行」字。「行蘊」，就是很微細的行為叫做「行蘊」。
We say that the Five Aggregates have no intrinsic existence. Among them is the Aggregate of Action. The Five Aggregates are form, sensation, perception, action, and consciousness. The Aggregate of Action is very subtle, like the change occurring in all things.
在世間，只要你看得到的天地萬物，沒有一樣東西是停住不動的！都是在行蘊中。你看，宇宙間每一顆星，都在運轉。我們最熟悉的地球、月球，和其它的星球，火星、木星等等…都在運轉。地球也同樣在運轉。所以無論是在哪一個世界，日的世界、月的世界、木星的世界、水星的世界、火星的世界、地球的世界，同樣不斷都在運轉中。這就是行。
Nothing in this world, as long as we can see it, remains unmoving or static forever. Nothing. Everything is in constant motion. Look at the universe. Every star is continuously orbiting. The Earth and Moon that we know, as well as planets such as Mars, Jupiter, etc are all orbiting. So no matter what world we are talking about, be it the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, or the Earth, they are constantly moving and orbiting. This is called action.
我們雖然住在地球這一片土地上，其實在我們不知覺中，它就是在動。若是地震的時候就是四大不調，所以很粗相的，地球的板塊就會擠壓，這也就是不調和的時候，出了毛病我們會有感覺，就造成了災難。在平常時，無論是四季運轉、日夜運轉，在輪轉間都是「行」。「行」調合的時候，其實我們不覺得它在「行」，或是動中在行。
Although we live on the Earth, we are not aware that it is moving. But imbalance of the Four Elements can cause an earthquake. The movement of the tectonic plates in an earthquake is quite obvious. This is also the result of an imbalance. We can feel it when something goes wrong and creates a disaster. Most of the time, we see action in the turning of seasons, or the change from day to night. When the actions are in balance, we will not feel the movement or the changes.
我們人也是一樣，我們頭髮什麼時候變白了，我們也不知覺。同樣，指甲又長了，是白天長長的？或是夜間長長的？那一分、那一秒、哪一天，從哪一個時刻開始長的？都不知道！
It is the same with humans. We do not feel the growth of our hair. When our nails are long, we cannot tell when they grew. Was it day or night? Which minute, which second or which day was it? We do not know.
但是身體的新陳代謝，不斷生與滅！我們的身體就不斷的老化，年幼的時候開始生長，少年停止了生長之後，就開始進入了中年、老年，慢慢地一直老化我們自己也都不知覺，不知不覺。除非四大不調，身體的疾病生起來，這才知道是苦。
The body is constantly metabolizing; cells are forming and dying. So our bodies continually age. From childhood we grow into our teenage years. Then our bodies enter middle age, and finally old age. We are unaware of this gradual aging, it happens unconsciously. We only know suffering when the imbalance of the Four Elements in our bodies causes an illness.
其實不只是大地萬物。種一顆土豆下去，明明是一顆豆子而已，兩天後你在地上看一看，土裂開了。再過一天去看，芽發出來了。就這樣每天看，這顆豆子絕對不同！但是什麼時候改變？這也是行蘊。過了數日之後，地面上一直長出新的芽，其實土地下就開始，上面開花，下面伸藤，藤的裡面就是結果了。
This is true of all things on Earth. For instance, when we plant a peanut, we bury a seed in the dirt. But after two days we see a crack in the soil. The next day, we see a sprout. When we look at it every day, we can see these definite changes. But when did the change occur? This is the workings of the Aggregate of Action. The plant produces the vine aboveground, but actually everything begins underground. The flowers bloom on top, then the vine extends underground, where it grows peanuts.
「行」是遷流變動之意 宇宙間一切萬物 時刻都在微細變化中 調和就能平安 Action refers to a constant flow of changes. Everything in the universe is undergoing very subtle changes in every moment. If things are in balance, there is peace.
所以天地真的很奧妙，這種萬物的道理都很奧妙，但是都不離開行蘊。我們在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。以智慧超越生死》說過「成、住、壞、空」，壞就是因為有「行蘊」。「行」就是在時間中不斷變化，不論什麼物質都會隨著時間都是這樣不斷消耗掉。那怕大地也是一樣，所以世界有「成、住、壞、空」。看看人也有「生、老、病、死」，這都不離開行——行蘊！
Nature is truly wondrous. Incredible things like this happen, and they are all related to the Aggregate of Action. Earlier I talked about formation, existence, decay, disappearance Decay occurs because of the workings of the Aggregate of Action over time. All substances are constantly in the process of deterioration. It is the same even with the Earth. The world forms, exists, decays, disappears. People go through birth, aging, illness and death. This is all the Aggregate of Action.
若是不調 大地災難四起 身體疾病叢生 這分遷流不定之苦 就是「行苦」 If things are imbalanced, disasters will occur in the world. Illnesses will flourish in our bodies. This suffering from a constant flow of changes is called the suffering of Action.
那個「蘊」的意思就是非常非常微細，那怕是在動的，你都沒有感覺；那怕是在退化，你也同樣沒有感覺有著非常微細的變化在進行中。所以在三苦中，就有一個「行苦」！
This Aggregate undergoes very small, subtle changes. Though things are changing, we do not feel it. Even if things are deteriorating, we do not sense those very subtle changes. Therefore, one of the Three Sufferings is the suffering of Action.
因為有這種「行」，我們每一個人，還能夠說：「我這樣很好，我沒有苦，我有千年萬年的計畫。」嗎？
As we undergo changes, we can say that we are fine, we are not suffering. But do we have a 1000-year or 10,000year plan?
我們若是為了「我」自己作千年萬年的計畫，有可能嗎？不可能，因為我也是無常的。但是我們若能為人類計畫，就可以比較長久了！雖然地球也有壞空的一天，但是它的時間是用劫來計算，那就是長時間的劫波。
Can we make long-range plans for ourselves? Is that possible? Is that possible? No, it’s impossible, because the “self” is impermanent. Yet we can work for the good of humankind. Though the Earth will decay and disappear, its lifespan is calculated in Kalpas, which are very long periods of time.
多苦的人生中 若能開闊大我 以善心好念疼惜地球 愛護國家、社會、家庭、個人 就能成就志業、增長慧命 In a life full of suffering, if we can develop our Greater Self, cherish the planet the country, society, family, and individuals, we can accomplish our mission, and nurture our Wisdom-life.
這個世間如果可以人人以好心、好念、好行動，人人愛護這個地球，人人愛護這個國家、人人愛護這個家庭、人人愛護這個社會，人人愛惜自己的行為，如同這樣為人間計畫千年百世，那就有價值了，有可能了。
In this world, if we all have a good heart, harbor good intentions, do good deeds, cherish our planet, country, society and family, and take care to conduct ourselves well, then making a 100-or 1000-year plan for the world is worthwhile. It is also possible.
說起來，這就是過去的先賢聖人，就是為了未來而開拓他志願的事業。孔夫子，不就是為了教育而來！釋迦牟尼佛，不就是為了未來而說法！所以我們若能開擴大我，就能夠天長地久、永恆。
Those who came before us blazed a trail for the future. This was their mission. Wasn’t Confucius teaching for the sake of future societies? Wasn’t Sakyamuni Buddha expounding Dharma for beings in the future? Therefore, if we develop our Greater Self, it can last forever.
我們若是執著於小我，人人都離不開這三種四相——物理有「成、住、壞、空」，身體有「生、老、病、死」，心理有「生、住、異、滅」。這種無形的行蘊，你看不到的那種運轉的退化，這就是人生，應該就是自然的法則。所以我們應該要很透徹理解，人生每一個人的小我，都是不常住的「無常」。
Attachment to a small “self” traps us physically, biologically, and mentally in the 4 Stages of Existence, Physically, objects form, exist, decay, disappear. Biologically, bodies go through birth, aging, illness, death. Mentally, thoughts arise, abide, change, cease. The Aggregate of Actions is intangible. We cannot see the changes and deterioration. This is life, or what we call the Laws of Nature. So, we should strive to understand the Truth and know that the small, limited “self” is not everlasting, it is impermanent.
或緣三倒造一切罪 三倒：三種顛倒之意
再來就是說：「或緣三倒造一切罪。」三倒就是顛倒！
Next, the text states, “The Three Confusions may cause all wrongdoings” Three Confusions are delusions.
不常而說常，在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。常與無常》與《靜思晨語。法譬如水。常樂我淨》已經說過了，世間有那一個是常呢？沒有，都是無常。
Among them is saying what is impermanent is permanent. As I previously explained, nothing in this world exists forever. There is no Permanence.
非樂，但是他執樂，世間有哪一個是快樂的呢？有那一個快樂是永久的呢？若要說真的有快樂，我們都知道還有「樂極生悲」這句話，人生的快樂，得意忘我，就是在這個樂字造成了很多罪惡苦難！這種「樂極生悲」、「得意忘形」，這就是我們眾生的顛倒。
Some are attached to joy where is none. What in this world can give us true joy? Is there a joy that lasts forever? There is a saying, “Extreme joy brings sorrow.” Sometimes people are so happy, they lose themselves in joy. For the sake of joy, they create many wrongdoings, and then suffer. Extreme joy brings sorrow because they get carried away. Such are the delusions of sentient beings. 世間那一樣識樂呢？就算是有快樂的時候，也是過眼雲煙，很快就會過去。但是人們總是為了快樂，逞一時的快樂，你看造成了多少遺憾的事情！
In this world, what is true happiness? Even if there are happy moments, they are as fleeting as smoke, and pass away quickly. However, for the sake of momentary happiness, people will do things that cause so much regret and suffering.
這些把無常當作是常，不快樂的當成是快樂，所以你看我們現在的社會，有多少人的行為，對這個社會造就了一種擾亂。
So people mistake Impermanence for Permanence, and unhappiness for happiness. Look at our current society. There are many people who are creating chaos.
吸毒，他為什麼要吸毒？中毒之後是那麼痛苦的事情，這大家都知道，但卻還是有人就是這樣沈迷下去。有的人想要戒毒，有的人進出好幾次這個勒戒所，就是都由不得自己！因為中毒之後的人，除了身體的折磨痛苦之外，還喪失了志氣堅定。那個意志薄弱了，堅定的意志喪失掉了，儘管很辛苦去勒戒、去戒掉，但是出來了之後，同樣還是禁不起吸毒的毒友，只是向他一招，他就由不得自己又去了，多痛苦啊！多顛倒啊！
Some take drugs. Why do they do that? Once they are addicted to drugs it is very painful. Everyone knows this. But some people still indulge in them. Others may want to quit. They go in and out of rehabilitation many times, because they cannot control themselves. Aside from suffering physical pain and ailments, addicts also lose their willpower. When their determination weakens and disappears, it is hard for them to quit and remain drug free. After they leave the rehabilitation center, they cannot resist the slightest invitations of their addicted friends. They cannot control themselves. They suffer so much and are so deluded!
除了吸毒的人是痛苦以外，酒，同樣也是一件很痛苦.的事情。你看有多少人，因為喝酒損害了自己的身體，無論是肺、肝、心、脾、胃，這些都是因為喝酒而損傷了這些的身體臟腑，被酒精慢性穿透，這種慢性中毒。你要他戒酒也難，看到酒，雖然酒在瓶子中不會動，但偏偏他就是被酒拖動了，這樣不由自己。
Drug users are not the only ones who suffer. Drinking is also a chronic addiction. Look at how so many people destroy their lungs, liver, heart, kidneys & stomach as alcohol infiltrates and damages their internal organs. This is a very gradual addiction. It is hard for them to quit, too. The liquor sits in a bottle, unmoving. Yet people are moved by it , and cannot control themselves.
尤其是這種東西，會毒害人的身體，同樣也會消沈人的人格。但是他就是顛倒，無法自拔。不但這樣，他還以為這樣才是快樂。你們想想，這樣真的是快樂嗎？
Alcohol will damage their bodies and ruin their character. Yet they remain deluded and cannot save themselves so they claim that they are happy. Do you think that this is true happiness?
除了酒以外，還有賭博，一睹下去昏天暗地。你們想，除了自己在那裡消磨時間、耗損身體健康、時間精神，再者，當自己輸錢的時候，多少人因為賭輸而敗家，甚至身敗名裂、家破人亡。
Gambling is another type of addiction. Once they start, they lose track of time. Just think about this. In addition to wasting away their time and exhausting their health and spirit, they lose money. Gambling losses have ruined many families, reputations and relationships.
明明知道賭博下去就是這樣的結果，但是當他賭下去的時候，他依然說他很快樂。他也由不得自己，也這樣被賭博牽著走。這樣真的都是顛倒的人生，但是他就是這樣的顛倒！
「因為我快樂。」我，都是我！其實他沒有想到，這個我是無常的。
Gamblers are well aware of these consequences. Yet when they are gambling, they say they are very happy. They cannot stop themselves either. They fall to the temptation of gambling. This is indeed a deluded lifestyle. But people choose to be like this, because they think, “I am happy” It is all about “I”, the “self” They do not realize that the “self” is impermanent.
所以我們人生都是把「無常」說為「常」，「不快樂」說成是「快樂」。這種執著於我，總是覺得「只要我喜歡有什麼不可以！」這樣的心態，所以你們想，這樣是不是都是顛倒人生呢？
Many people mistake Impermanence for Permanence and unhappiness for happiness. They show an attitude of “as long I am happy, what can’t I do?” They have a strong attachment to “self” Aren’t these people confused?
眾生因為「三倒」 將無常執常、無樂執樂 無我執我、不淨執淨 因而沉淪於苦海中 Because of the Three Confusions, sentient beings cling to Impermanence as Permanence, Not-Blissful as Bliss, No-self as Self, Impurity as Purity, and are submerged in the Sea of Suffering.
所以「無常執常、無樂執樂、無我執我」。
They cling to Impermanence as Permanence, not joyful as joyful, “no-self” as “self”.
他不能夠知道真理，不能夠明瞭那種永恆不生、不滅的真理，那就是「淨」——「非常乾淨」——這種境界他無法得到，因為他不明真理，所以在這種「無常、苦、空」當中打轉。
They do not understand true principles. The everlasting, eternal Truth is a state of ultimate purity. They cannot attain such a state because they do not understand principles. Therefore, they will continually struggle and suffer because of impermanence.
所以很苦的人生，無論是「三苦」——「苦苦、壞苦、行苦」，或是「三倒」——「無常執常、無樂執樂、無我執我」，這都是造一切罪。
Thus, life is full of suffering. Either the 3 Sufferings or the 3 Confusions may create all wrongdoings. 可見無明煩惱，對人的損傷有多大！不只是對人，對天下萬物都是損傷，都是從人的無明煩惱開始，所以大家真的要時時多用心注意我們的無明煩惱，不要讓他產生出來。
Everyone, these are all terms for affliction and ignorance. We can see that ignorance and afflictions are very damaging, and not just to humans. Everything in the world is damaged, and it all originates from human ignorance and affliction. So everyone, please always be mindful. Watch out for ignorance and affliction and do not allow them to arise.
所以請大家要多用心啊！
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