The Fourfold Fearlessness of Bodhisattvas (Part 3)
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我們前面《靜思晨語。法譬如水。菩薩四無畏 (一)》、《靜思晨語。法譬如水。菩薩四無畏 (二)》說過了，要得到無所畏，那就是要總一切法，也就是「總持一切法」。
As we have discussed before, in order to achieve fearlessness, we must uphold and always remember the Dharma.
世間一切法我們都要知道，知道了就不能忘記。加上我們的方向要十分確定，不要有恐懼，沒有煩惱，這樣我們一切就無所畏了。所以我們要能夠「總一切法、持一切善」，自然就是「說法無所畏」。
We need to learn all the Dharma in the world. Once learned, we should not forget it. Our direction must also be firm. If we have no fears, then there will be no afflictions. We can be fearless by upholding all teachings and practicing all good deeds.
還要能夠「盡知一切法樂」，我們才知道眾生到底是什麼樣的根基？他的煩惱是什麼樣的煩惱？心理有什麼樣的毛病？我們才能對症下藥，讓他能起歡喜心，煩惱的心病就心開意解了。你如果不知道這些法，就無法對機施教；所以我們要對機施教，也要盡知一切法，才能夠知道什麼是眾生所需要，所以這稱為法樂。
We then "fearlessly expound the Dharma" "With joy of knowing all Dharma," we know the capacities of all sentient beings, and what kind of afflictions and mental obstacles they encounter. We will be able to prescribe medicine accordingly so that joy arises in their hearts. Then, their afflicted minds can be set free. If you do not know the many teachings, then you cannot teach accordingly. To teach according to individual dispositions, we must know all the Dharma so that we know what sentient beings need. This is called the joy of Dharma.
我們若能夠對機，解開他心中的煩惱，他就會起歡喜心。這轉心的方法，我們不能不知道。
If the teaching is appropriate, it will resolve afflictions, thus giving rise to a heart of joy. This method of transforming the mind is something that we must learn.
「善能對答」－－世間有很多事情，就是明知故意刁難，這稱為「問難」，這在世間也是有很多這樣的事情，佛陀在世的時候也是有很多這樣的事情。所以這種刁難問難，我們若不知道很多的法，我們也無法回答；若是答不對機，這樣也會很辛苦。
"Be skillful in answering questions." All too often, people are intentionally nitpicky and ask unreasonable questions. It even happened during the Buddha's time. When faced with these kinds of tricky questions, if we do not comprehend the Dharma, we will not be able to answer accordingly. The answers will be off the mark and that can also be troublesome.
「能斷物疑」－－我們對於很多事情都要知道，若是不知道，真的心也會很惶恐。所以我們看到什麼東西，我們要求知、求法，如此道理就能通達。所以知道，能夠透徹，我們就有理。
We should be "able to eliminate doubts", so we need to try to learn everything. If we do not know many things, we will be uncertain and fearful. Whatever we see, we should strive to understand it and seek the Dharma within. In this way we can penetrate all principles.
皆有其道理存在
知其理可以走遍天下
無理則寸步難行
There is truth that exists within all things in the universe. One who realizes this truth can sail smoothly around the world. Otherwise, every step of the way would be difficult.
我們若懂得道理，天下都行得通。若無道理，寸步我們都行不通。
If we understand the truth, we can freely go anywhere and accomplish anything. Otherwise, every step of the way will be difficult.
所以有一段這樣的故事，故事就是說：
There is a story about this.
傳說中，在清朝的乾隆皇帝，有一回他就換便服，到鄉下去。在鄉下經過田園，一片田地都種高粱，那個時候正在芒花的時候，高粱的花隨著風在飄。整片高粱田的花隨著風飄，很美，他一時歡喜就伸手摘下一支高粱的花來。
Emperor Qian-Long of the Qing dynasty once traveled outside the palace in plain clothes. He passed a field of sorghum, and the sorghum plants were in blossom. As the wind blew, the blooming sorghum flowers swayed in the wind, and it was beautiful. The emperor was so pleased that he reached out and picked a stalk of sorghum.
正在看、欣賞的時候，一位老婆婆突然間出現了，看到他手上拿這一支、這一穗的高粱花，很生氣，就開始罵他。她就說：「這個時候正式高粱正在芒花的時候，你這麼隨意把整穗都摘下來，你難道不知道，你是糟蹋了糧食。你可知道一穗能結多少的高粱？你可知道我們務農的人，在耕耘、種田有多麼辛苦？我們付出那麼辛苦，就是期待著收成，你卻隨意破壞，你實在很沒有道理。」
As he was looking and appreciating the flowers, and old woman suddenly came up to him. She saw the stalk of sorghum in the emperor's hand and she got really angry. She started scolding him "The sorghum flowers are in bloom, and you so carelessly pick the entire stalk! Don't you know that you are wasting food? Do you know how many grains a stalk can yield? Do you know how difficult life can be for us farming households? We have put in so much hard work and we are looking forward to harvesting, yet you so casually damage it! You have no right to do that!"
這位老婆婆一連串一直罵，當時乾隆皇帝輩這位老婆婆罵得他啞口無言，只能一直彎腰鞠躬賠不是。
This old woman kept scolding him. Emperor Qian-Long was speechless as she continued. He quickly bowed down and apologized to her, and then he returned to the palace.
後來乾隆皇帝回宮的時候，一天早上早朝開會的時候，他就對他的文武百官如此說：「你們大家猜猜看，世間上什麼東西是最珍貴、最重要的？」
One day, during the daily morning meeting, he asked his court of ministers and generals, "Take a guess everyone, what is the most precious and important thing in the world?"
有的人就猜：「金！金銀是最珍貴的。」有的人就猜：「應該是義理，情和義是最重要的。」也有人說：「是愛，愛是最重要的。」大家都說了，說了很多，猜出來的都不對。乾隆皇帝最後自己回答了他提出來這個問題的答案，他說：「你們都猜握，世間上唯有一個理字－－道理是最重的，那種重是什麼人都搬不動的。」
Some people said that gold and silver were the most precious. Some guessed that kindness and honor were most important. Others said that love was the most important thing. Everybody said something, but their answers all wrong. Then Emperor Qian-Long gave them the answer "You all guessed wrong. Truth, the principle of everything, is the most important thing in the world. Nobody can challenge is importance."
各位，我們難道不是這樣嗎？我們真的就是一個「理」，我們要知道天底下很多的事情都包含著它的道理存在。
Everyone, isn't that so? We really need to know the truth. Truth exists in everything in the world.
所以孔夫子雖然學問那麼好，但是他入太廟還「每事問」，就是什麼事情都還是會詢問是否合乎理？有時候到了鄉下，他還是要很虛心的請教農夫，什麼時候是播種的時刻？什麼時候要去除草？或是要去拔草？或是要如何才能夠收穫豐富等等…這些連孔夫子他也要去問農夫，進去太廟的禮節，他也是要去請教別人啊！
Even Confucius, with all his knowledge, asked about protocol in the imperial Temple. And when he went to the countryside, he humbly sought knowledge from the farmers about the season for sowing, when to weed, and so on. Even someone like Confucius asked farmers about farming. To enter the Imperial Temple with proper protocol, he also had to ask others advice.
所以，世間的事情是否每一個人都可以清楚明白呢？不一定啊！就如同我曾經耕作過，我看到這個故事，我就知道乾隆皇帝伸手摘了那一整穗的高粱花，這不只是損傷那一穗，而是他去採的時候，他會把所有接觸到的高粱花都打散。因為高粱穗和稻穗是一樣的，花粉如果掉落了，如此之後稻穗的米粒都結不了，就會成為「虛穗」。所以手一動它，雖然只是想要摘一穗，但是自然會動到一整片。難怪這位老婆婆要她如何不生氣呢？
Is it possible to know everything in the world? It is possible to know everything in the world? Not necessarily. I have personally worked I the fields before, so when I read the story Emperor Qian Long, I knew that by taking the sorghum flowers he not only harmed the one stalk he that he picked but actually scattered flowers in the process. Just like rice plants, if we scatter the flowers, the polien falls and then the rice grains cannot properly form. It becomes and "empty stalk". So even a casual touch of hand or the plucking of only one stalk can actually affect the whole patch. No wonder the old women was so mad. How could she not get angry?"
乾隆皇帝雖然貴為人君，但是他理虧了，他也是一樣不斷鞠躬，一直、一直賠不是。
Although a leader of many, Emperor Qian –Long realized he was wrong, so he kept bowing and apologizing to the old woman.
所以知理，天下行得通，就是像那位老婆婆一般；但如果不知禮，那就是寸步也難行。
So, knowing the truth allows one to freely do anything. This is just like that old woman. But not knowing the truth makes it difficult to move even an inch.
所以我們要知道，佛陀教育我們，希望我們能聞一知無量。所以《無量易經》中也這麼說：「一從無量生，無量從一化為百千萬億。」這就是要我們知道了一項道理，我們應該能在這個道理上知道得更多，何況能知道無量數的道理。如此，我們步步穩當，所以我們就無畏；在這條路上無論是怎麼樣走，我們都不怕迷失。
We have to know that the Buddha taught us to "hear one thing and comprehend all". The Sutra of infinite Meanings says, "One gives rise to infinity. Infinity arises from one." This is saying that if we comprehend one truth, we can learn a lot more based on that one truth. We can learn an infinite number of truths. This way we can take every step firmly. Thus we are fearless. No matter how things go, we will not get lost.
所以我們要得四無畏果，就是要總持不忘。不要學這樣，就忘了那樣！若是如此，我們常常都在原地踏步。
So to obtain the Fourfold Fearlessness we must not forget what we learned. Do not learn this and forget that. If we do things like that, then we will be marching in place.
所以我們要步步精進，無論是什麼事情，我們都要不恥下問。不要心存：「我是堂堂某某人，我為什麼要去問某某人。」不要這樣想！我們要求知、求明、求精進；我們若要知道，就要了解得很徹底、很明白。
We need to diligently practice. As for things that we do not know, we must humbly seek knowledge. Do not think, "I'm so important, why should I seek answers from anyone else?" Do not think like that Diligently strive to learn and have clarity. In order to learn things, we should try to completely understand and achieve the Three Wisdoms and Three Insights.
所以在之前也已經說過了，我們要真的通達，若能如此道理我們就懂了。
We have already talked about this. We should have complete understanding. If we can achieve this then we will understand the truth.
所以，不明道理，愚癡無明，都是我們的心門沒有打開。就是我們還有很多的小動作、小煩惱、小習氣，發作一些小脾氣，在當時自己覺得只是一點點而已，不要緊。這樣一點點、一點點層層疊疊，煩惱就遮蔽了三慧明。我們智慧的光明，就被一層一層的遮蓋下去。
Not knowing the truth and being ignorant is due to our mind being closed. We have many subtle behaviors, afflictions and habits. We may think that letting our tempers rise a little is inconsequential, that it is alright. But little by little, layer by layer, afflictions block the Three Wisdoms. The light of our wisdom is then obscured by layers of affliction.
所生功德
生生世世
三慧明 三達朗
Repent afflictions caused by the Five Hindrances so that merits arise life after life and we attain the Three Wisdoms and Three Insights.
所以我們要不斷「法譬如水」，「法」就是要不斷的求知，才能知道法就是道理，所以我們要不斷就如同水沖洗我們的無明；我們的煩惱也要用道理化解，自然模糊的煩惱才能乾淨。所以我們要常常懺悔，懺悔我們常常都有一些小習氣、小動作，都認為這小小的而已，一兩次計較而已，或是只要在一次就好…如此，即使再一次，就有之後的下一次；即使是單獨的一次，那煩惱、污點就是會存在。
So we should a always strive to cleanse our minds with Dharma-water. When we seek the Dharma, we know that the Dharma is the truth. We have to continue washing away our ignorance and afflictions. Once we know the truth, murky afflictions can be eliminated. That is why we have to repent so often. We should repent the subtle behaviors and habits that we have. We may think these are minor and that it is okay to do once or twice. Or may be just one more time. But even so, with just one more time, there will be a next time. Even if it is only once, the stain, the affliction, exists.
所以我們要時時合情合理，我們常常就是要三達朗，我們的心對什麼都能了解，對什麼道理也都能通，什麼都能很明朗，那就是要懺悔。每天懺悔我們才不會犯錯；懺悔之後不要再重複犯錯，所以我們要懺悔。
Strive to always be in line with the principles. We should constantly have the Three Insights. Our minds should comprehend all matters and be able to penetrate them. We must be clear about everything. To do that, we should repent. Repent every day to avoid transgressions. After repenting transgressions, do not repeat them.
貪欲 瞋恚 睡眠
掉悔 疑
They are greed, anger, sleep, restlessness and doubt.
These are the Five Hindrances.
現在就是要講「五蓋」－－懺悔五蓋。五蓋的煩惱若能夠懺悔乾淨，它才能夠生出功德來。它的意思就是這樣說－－「度五道、豎五根、淨五眼、成五分」。
Now we will talk about the Five Hindrances, about repenting the Five Hindrances. If we can do this, then merits and virtues will emerge. Transcend the Five Realms; establish the Five Spiritual Roots, Purify the Five Eyes, achieve the Five Attributes.
度五道，前面之前說過了，就是我們若想要去度在五界「天、人、地獄、餓鬼、畜生」這些眾生界當中的眾生，必定要先將我們的煩惱先去除，才能入群處眾度眾生。
We have previously talked about transcending the Five Realms of. Heaven, Human, Hell, Hungry Ghost and Animal. To help sentient beings in this Realm, we must first get rid of our own afflictions. Then we can work among other people to help them.
所以五蓋就是五種的煩惱。五蓋就是：「貪欲、瞋恚、睡眠、掉悔、疑。」這稱為五蓋。也就是我常常告訴大家說：「貪、瞋、癡。」而隨眠就是「癡」，或是「掉悔、懷疑」等等…這就是我們心中的煩惱，煩惱的別名就是五蓋，就五樣就是我們根本的煩惱，這位蓋覆了一切。
The Five Hindrances are five kinds of afflictions. I often talk about greed, anger and ignorance. Sleep or drowsiness is a kind of ignorance too. So are restlessness and doubt. These are afflictions in our minds. Hindrance is another name for affliction. These five are our fundamental afflictions. They hinder everything.
我們明明就是知道很多的道理，但若是這五項的煩惱若是浮現出來，就蓋住了「知」的光明。所以五蓋就是把原來已經有的光明本性，我們用這五項把它蓋了起來。
Sometimes we know a lot of principles, but once these Five Hindrances emerge, they obscure the light of our awareness. Even though we have this innate wisdom, it is obscured.
是什麼蓋住了我們的智慧？蓋住了我們明明知道的道理？就是因為有這五種。
What is it that obscures our wisdom? It is the Five Hindrances that obscure our clear awareness of the principles.
再來就是會懷疑這個法，對或是不對？也有很多人都知道道理，但是心理惶恐做不到。
Also, there are sometimes doubts about whether the Dharma is right or not. There are also many people who know the principles but fear that they cannot comply.
比如說：「我準備要搬家。我要搬家之前，要先看日子。」他的心還會怕，所以他不敢什麼時候去搬家，這樣他就要去看日子，這就是道理還不通。
For example, a person wants to move so he consults an almanac. The fear in his mind prevents him from moving whenever he wants. He needs to consult the almanac before he does it. This shows a lack of understanding.
我們若是道理通了，那就日日都是好日，時時都是好時，每一個方向都是吉祥。這道理若是通達，他就無所畏，他就不會迷信，也就部會受到迷信綁住了我們的心。
If we truly understand the principles, then every day is a good day, every hour is a good hour and every location is auspicious. Once we understand all the principles, we become fearless. Then all days will be the same, and superstition will no longer bind us.
有的人說：「我要修行，我要修行也要先去尋找很多法，讓我有來生，在來世可以遇到好的環境」。或是「我要去找一個未來理想的世界。」然而你要去那裡找一個未來理想的世界？理想的世界在那裡？有人說：「有啊！西方極樂世界。」
Some say, "I want to practice. I need to find many different teachings so that my next life will be good." Some want to find an ideal world in the future. I ask, "Where will you find this ideal world? Where is it?" "There is the Land of Ultimate Bliss."
然而西方是不是就是阿彌陀佛所造的極樂世界呢？若來問我，我就說：「有啊！」他就說：「那我就要求生極樂世界啦！」我說：「好啊！」然而再問他：「你要如何求往生呢？」他會回答還是一句話：「那就是要趕緊修行。」
"It in the West, isn't it? The Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha?" If you ask me, I would say, "Yes indeed!" They say, "Then I want to be reborn there." "Sure! But how do you get there?" "Same way, you must practice!"
問他：「你要如何修呢？」「我要趕緊念佛，念佛能夠往生西方極樂世界。」然而你有一七日、三七日、七七日，心都不動嗎？如果可以的話，即時就是淨土了！你哪還有需要求生到其他的淨土嗎？
How do you practice? They say, "I have to recite the Buddha's name." Fine! By doing this you can be reborn in the Pure Land. For 7 days, 21 days, 49 days, you must keep your mind unwavering. If you can do this, you will be in the Pure Land right away. The Pure Land is right here and now. Are there any other Pure Lands? Can you be born there?
又問：「你能不能，可以不以少善根福德因緣得生彼國？」因為我們若無具足大善根、大福德，你也無法到達那個地方。所以，換句話說，我們還是要先培養大善根、大福德。善根就是我們要無所畏；心要能無所畏，就是要能夠總一切法、持一切善，才能得大善根！
Only with virtues, blessings, and ripe conditions can one be born there. If we do not have great roots of goodness, merits and virtues, then we cannot get there. In other words, we have to cultivate the great roots of goodness, merits and virtues. To have good roots of virtue, we should be fearless. To attain this fearlessness, we must uphold all Dharma and goodness.
所以我們的心要常常很寧靜，無掉悔。心若有掉悔，自然就會有懷疑；有懷疑，在修行的當中，他就無法把握在那個當下，恆持在剎那。
We must keep our minds tranquil at all times with no regrets. If there is regret, there will be doubts. If one has doubts about practice, one cannot seize the present moment or work diligently to make a difference.
時間總是有限啊！三心兩意如何修法呢？所以，我們第一要先去除五蓋，我們若將覆蓋的東西除去，自然光明現前；光明現前，有什麼事情我們不懂呢？
Time is limited. How do we practice if we constantly waver? So first we must remove the Five Hindrances that obscure the original light. Once the light reemerges, what is there that we cannot understand?
總而言之，學佛，我們要去除煩惱，才能得一切法而無所畏。所以要時時多用心，將一切的道理、一切法，時時用來洗滌我們的心垢，這是最重要的。所以知理，知道理，天下就行得通；不知，若不知，真的會寸步都行不通。
All in all, studying Buddhism is removing afflictions, so that we obtain all Dharma and are fearless. So we have to be mindful at all times. Apply the teachings, the Dharma, to wash away the defilements in your minds. This is most important. After understanding the truth, we can go anywhere. Without understanding the principles, every step of the way will be difficult.
所以請大家要時時多用心啊！
So everyone, please always be mindful.
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